The Art of War: ancient strategy for the modern life

'The Art of War' is one of my favorite books. In fact, I almost always carry it with me (it takes up very little space in my backpack), and every now and then, I like to browse a page or two. It's a book written over 2,500 years ago (approximately from the 5th century BC) by a chinese military strategist named Sun Tzu.

As a fun fact, I'll tell you that whenever I had it at home (up until my adolescence and even part of my adult life), it was always on loan. And no... it wasn't because it cost a fortune, even though its true value is immeasurable. Like everything, there are cheaper and more expensive versions. And just a couple of years ago, I found a well-priced edition on Amazon for around 9 euros (if I remember correctly).

WARNING: What you're about to read is a brief but structured summary of the book's content. If you haven't read this masterpiece before, I recommend you stop reading this entry. What I'll share after the outline is an anecdote I want to share with you, but I'd hate to spoil the book for you before you open it. :P

What's it about?

The Art of War is, essentially, the art of deception. This phrase sums up one of the greatest books on strategy, which emphasizes the importance of planning, adaptability, and the use of knowledge to achieve victory in conflict. Here are the key points of its thirteen chapters:

Laying Plans (始計)

This chapter emphasizes the importance of planning and analysis before engaging in battle. Five key factors must be considered: doctrine, weather, terrain, leadership, and discipline. Evaluating these factors helps predict success or failure in war. Careful preparation is key to an effective strategy. Without proper planning, the chances of victory are significantly reduced.

Waging War (作戰)

This chapter addresses the total cost of war, including not only economic resources but also the impact on troop morale and well-being. War should be a last resort and only undertaken if a clear benefit is expected. Efficient resource use is crucial to avoid exhaustion and ruin. Sun Tzu warns of the dangers of unnecessarily prolonging a conflict. A quick and decisive victory is preferable to a prolonged war.

Attack by Stratagem (謀攻)

Victory lies in the ability to defeat the enemy without combat. This chapter highlights the value of deception and strategic manipulation. Planning should focus on dividing and demoralizing the enemy before confrontation. Surprise tactics can turn the tide of a conflict. Ultimately, wisdom and cunning are more effective than brute force.

Tactical Dispositions (軍形)

This chapter discusses how the tactical arrangement of forces can determine the outcome of a battle. Knowing both your own strengths and weaknesses and those of the enemy is essential for formulating an effective strategy. The ability to adapt to circumstances is crucial: a leader must be prepared to adjust tactics as conditions change. Terrain and troop morale also influence tactical dispositions. Preparation and anticipation are key to success on the battlefield.

Use of Energy (兵勢)

This chapter focuses on the concept of "energy" and how to channel it to maximize troop effectiveness. Sun Tzu argues that coordination and synchronization are fundamental to leveraging the army's strength. Managing energy involves acting decisively at the right moment. Effective leadership inspires troops and enhances their performance. Controlling energy can change the course of a battle.

Weak Points and Strong (虛實)

Identifying strengths and weaknesses is crucial for developing an effective combat strategy. This chapter advises attacking the enemy's vulnerabilities while protecting your own weak points. Intelligence about the adversary allows for more efficient attack plans. Sun Tzu emphasizes that knowledge of both the enemy and oneself is the foundation of any victory. Strategy must be flexible and adapt to battlefield conditions.

Maneuvering an Army (軍爭)

Mobility and flexibility are key aspects of war. This chapter discusses the importance of adapting to changing circumstances and seizing opportunities as they arise. Planning must include routes for maneuvering and ways to avoid direct confrontation when possible. Clear communication between troops and command is essential for effective movement. The ability to maneuver can make the difference between victory and defeat.

Variation of Tactics (九變)

Flexibility in tactics is vital to maintaining an advantage over the enemy. This chapter advises changing strategy in response to the adversary's actions and environmental conditions. Innovation and creativity in war are necessary to adapt to the unexpected. Sun Tzu suggests that foresight and adaptability are the keys to success. Surprising the enemy is crucial for ensuring victory.

The Army on the March (行軍)

This chapter discusses the logistical aspects of moving an army. Troop morale and well-being are paramount for maintaining effectiveness in the campaign. Sun Tzu advises understanding the terrain and its impact on the army's march. Proper preparation for different conditions is essential to avoid disasters. A well-managed army in motion is more likely to achieve its objectives.

Classification of Terrain (地形)

This chapter explores different types of terrain and their influence on military strategy. Understanding how to use the terrain to your advantage and against the enemy is critical for success. Sun Tzu categorizes terrain into various types, each with its own tactical implications. Choosing the battlefield can determine the outcome of a conflict. A commander must evaluate the terrain carefully to maximize advantages.

The Nine Situations (九地)

Sun Tzu describes nine types of situations an army may face. Each situation requires a specific approach and response. Understanding these circumstances allows a commander to formulate effective strategies. Decisions must be based on assessing the risks and benefits of each situation. This tactical knowledge is essential for securing victory in different combat scenarios.

Attack by Fire (火攻)

The use of fire as a weapon must be considered carefully and strategically. Sun Tzu discusses how and when to use it to maximize its impact on the enemy. This chapter highlights the importance of understanding the environment and its elements when employing fire. Coordination and timing are crucial for the effectiveness of the attack. Fire can demoralize and destabilize the enemy but can also have destructive repercussions.

Use of Spies (用間)

Intelligence is a fundamental component of war, and Sun Tzu highlights the importance of spies. Gaining information about the enemy enables informed strategic decisions. This chapter details different types of espionage and their methods. Gathering intelligence can be the key to decisive victory. Without adequate information, any strategy is doomed to fail.

What makes it so special?

I won't tell you this book has changed my life (that would be a lie) but I will say I love it. I've read it many times (the first three times cover to cover and then occasionally by chapter), and each time, I'm still fascinated by how every principle it contains can be applied to real-life scenarios in various contexts.

From the use of nuclear weapons in modern conflicts (Attack by Fire) to industrial espionage (Use of Spies) and concepts like SWOT analysis in modern companies (Weak Points and Strong), 'The Art of War' remains, at least for me, a masterpiece of strategy. And I'm not just talking about military strategy but pure strategy.

You may like it more or less, but many of its principles are still valid today. It's, at the very least, a fascinating work that deserves a place in your library or, at least, that's what I think. :)